The Urgency of Criminalizing Femicide as a Specific Crime within the Indonesian Legal System

Novia Rahmadani, M. Rizki Yudha Prawira

Sari


This research discusses femicide, which is the most extreme form of gender-based violence, but the Indonesian legal framework, particularly the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS), does not explicitly recognize gender-motivated murder of women. As a result, femicide cases continue to be prosecuted under general homicide provisions without acknowledging discriminatory motives, leading to inadequate legal protection and disproportional sentencing. This research aims to analyze the urgency of criminalizing femicide as a special offense and to formulate an ideal legal concept for its regulation within the Indonesian criminal justice system. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study examines national legal norms, international human rights instruments, and comparative legislation from Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. The findings show that a specific femicide offense is essential to fill normative gaps, incorporate gender-based motives as an aggravating factor, and strengthen state obligations under Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Belém do Pará Convention, and other global standards. The study concludes that Indonesia requires a dedicated femicide law based on lex specialis principles, gender-sensitive investigation and adjudication mechanisms, and integrated victim-protection measures to ensure a more just, responsive, and gender-equitable criminal law system.

Kata Kunci


Criminal Law Reform, Femicide, Gender-Based Violence, Human Rights Law, Lex Specialis, Women’s Rights.

Teks Lengkap:

PDF (English)

Referensi


Baptista, Vinicius Ferreira. “Criminal reaction to women murdering in Latin America in 21st century: legal approaches to femicide and feminicide.” Crítica Penal y Poder 25 (2023): 342-364.

Brodie, Nechama R. “Femicide: A Need for Orientation.” Sociology Compass 18, no. 11 (2024): 7017-7034.

Cadena-Urzúa, Pablo, Álvaro Briz-Redón, Javier Guardiola, and Francisco Montes. “Violence against women in Chile: a criminogenic approach to guide public policy in the global south.” Frontiers in Political Science 7 (2025): 153-172.

Cahyandaru, Prabowo. “Implementasi Prinsip-Prinsip Cedaw Dalam Penanganan Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Di Spek-Ham Solo.” Journal of Law, Society, and Islamic Civilization 1, no. 1 (2013): 89-105.

Carrigan, Michelle, dan Myrna Dawson. “Problem representations of femicide/feminicide legislation in Latin America.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 2 (2020): 1–19.

Council of Europe. “(CETS 210) Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence,” Council of Europe, 2011. Retrieved in October 23, 2025 from. https://rm.coe.int/168008482e

Fakhruddin Arrozi. “Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Materiil Menurut Hakim Pengadilan Negeri Kepanjen.” Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 4, no. 1 (2014): 353-367.

Hafizah, Annisa, Madiasa Ablisar, dan Rafiqoh Lubis. “Asas Legalitas dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Hukum Pidana Islam.” Mahadi: Indonesia Journal of Law 1, no. 1 (2022): 24-45.

Hamdy, Muhammad Kholis, and M. Hudri. “Gender based violence: The relationship of law and patriarchy in Indonesia.” EMPATI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 11, no. 2 (2022): 73-85.

Hana Faridah, dan Wiwin Triyunarti. “Masyarakat Adat Perempuan dan Anak dalam Proses Pengadilan Menuju Sistem Peradilan yang Berkeadilan dan Responsif terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia.” Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities 27 (2025): 103.

Herman Handrawan, Sabrina Hidayat, Fuad Nur, Idaman, Lade Sirjon, dan Nur Suhada. “Analisis Asas Lex Systematische Specialiteit Terkait Penegakan Hukum Kekerasan Seksual Berbasis Elektronik.” Halu Oleo Legal Researc 7, no. 1 (2025): 184–96.

Hikmah, Nurul. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Korban Femisida Berdasarkan Kekerasan Berbasis Gender.” Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, 2023.

Jil Radford, dan Diana E. H. Rusell. Femicide: The Politics of Woman Killing. Canada: Maxwell Macmillan Canada, Inc., 1992.

Komnas Perempuan. “Femisida Tidak Dikenal: Pengabaian Terhadap Hak Atas Hidup dan Hak Atas Keadilan Perempuan dan Anak Perempuan, 2021”. Komnas Perempuan, February 27, 2023. Reteieved in October 2025 from. http://www.komnasperempuan.or.id.

Komnas Perempuan. “Siaran Pers Komnas Perempuan tentang Femisida (6 Desember 2020) Tentang Femisida Sebagai Puncak Kekerasan Berbasis Gender: Meningkat, Tidak Dikenali dan Diabaikan Negara.” Komnas Perempuan, Indonesia, 6 Desember 2020. Reteieved in October 2025 from. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/siaran-pers-detail/siaran-pers-komnas-perempuan-tentang-femisida-6-desember-2020

Komnas Perempuan. “Siaran Pers Komnas Perempuan Tentang Fenomena Femisida: Namai, Kenali dan Akhiri Femisida,” Komnas Perempuan, 2024. Reteieved in October 2025 from. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/siaran-pers-detail/siaran-pers-komnas-perempuan-tentang-femisida-6-desember-2020

Kovacevic, Milica, and Marija Maljkovic. “Femicide-Certain Controversial Issues and Comparative Law Review.” J. Crimin. & Crim. L. 62 (2024): 69.

Mardhiah, Ainal. ‘Femisida Dalam Kerangka Hukum Indonesia’. PN Calang, January 2, 2025. Retrieved in October 2025 from. https://pn-calang.go.id/index.php/hubungi-kami/blog-pengadilan/2015-05-31-00-20/item/femisida-dalam-kerangka-hukum-indonesia-oleh-ainal-mardhiah-sh-mh-mantan-hakim-pengawas-daerah-pn-calang.

Mukamala, Laila Badriyatul. “Urgensi penyusunan norma hukum Femisida perspektif hukum teori Progresif dan siyasah Dusturiyah.” PhD diss., Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, 2025.

Organization of American States. “Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará),” 1994.

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 2000 Pengarusutamaan Gender dalam Pembangunan Nasional Presiden Republik Indonesia (2000).

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) (n.d.).

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (2023).

Prasetyo, Teguh, and Tri Astuti Handayani. “Theory of Dignified Justice as A Legal Foundation of Law Reform in Indonesia.” Ragam Penelitian Mesin 1, no. 1 (2018): 46-54.

Pridiyastuti, Herti, Yayuk Anggraini, Frisca Alexandra, dan Andi Purnawarman. “Peran Spotlight Initiative Dalam Mengatasi Femicide di Meksiko.” Journal of Feminism and Gender Studies 4, no. 2 (2024): 43–54.

Putri, Adhelia Ananda, Ugi Putri Pamungkas, and Habib Anwar. “Efektivitas Aturan Hukum Yang Menjerat Kekerasan Gender Berbasis Online.” IBLAM Law Review 4, no. 1 (2024): 26-36.

Ruslan Renggong. Hukum Pidana Khusus: Memahami Delik-Delik di Luar KUHP. Kencana, 2016.

Sabrina, Dinda. “Perempuan Indonesia Dalam Pusaran Kekerasan dan Ancaman Femisida.” J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah 3, no. 6 (2024): 12-35.

Salamor, Yonna Beatrix, Ani Purwanti, and Nur Rochaeti. “Pengaturan tentang femisida dalam hukum pidana Indonesia (Kajian perbandingan UU HAM dan UU TPKS).” Litigasi 25, no. 1 (2024): 95-109.

The Yogyakarta Principles. “Additional Principles and State Obligations on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristic to Complement the Yogyakarta Principles,” The Yogyakarta Principles, November 10, 2017. Retrieved in October 12, 2025 from. https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/A5_yogyakartaWEB-2.pdf

The Yogyakarta Principles. “Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity,” The Yogyakarta Principles, Maret 2007. Retrieved in October 12, 2025 from. https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/A5_yogyakartaWEB-2.pdf

Trisnawati, Adelia Citra Dwi, and Firsty Chintya Laksmi Perbawani. “Efektivitas Upaya Penanganan Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Di Yunani: Analisis Istanbul Convention 2018-2022.” Journal Publicuho 7, no. 1 (2024): 277-292.

Tunggul Ansari Setia Negara. “Normative Legal Research in Indonesia: Its Origin and Approaches.” Audito Comparative Law Journal 4 (2023): 20-33.

Umum, Majelis. “Deklarasi Universal Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia.” no 3 (1948): 1-6.

United Nations. “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.” CEDAW, January 26, 2017. Retrieved in October 2025 from. https://docs.un.org/en/CEDAW/C/75/D/111/2017

UNODC. “Killings of Women and Girls by Their Intimate Partner or Other Family Members.” United Nations publications, November 11, 2021. Retrieved in October 2025 from. https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/crime/UN_BriefFem_251121.pdf.

Valerian, Dion. “Kriteria Kriminalisasi: Analisis Pemikiran Moeljatno, Sudarto, Theo De Roos, Dan Iris Haenen.” Veritas et Justitia 8, no. 2 (2022): 415-443.

Yogyakarta Principles. “Tentang Prinsip-Prinsip Yogyakarta,” Yogyakarta Principles, 2007. Retrieved in October 2025 from. https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Yogyakarta20Principles2020Bhs20Indonesia.pdf.

Zaini, Zaini. “Tinjauan Konseptual Tentang Pidana dan Pemidanaan.” VOICE JUSTISIA: Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan 3, no. 2 (2019): 128-143.

Zulaichah, Siti. “Femisida dan Sanksi Hukum di Indonesia.” Egalita: Jurnal Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender 17, no. 1 (2022): 1-16.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/jidh.v10i1.6718

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


##submission.license.cc.by4.footer##



Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum indexed at:



Member of:



Visitors:

Tandai Penghitung

Mainkan slot online di STM88 untuk peluang menang lebih tinggi dan hadiah luar biasa! Dengan RTP terbaik, kemenangan besar sudah menunggu.